Lacquer

Lacquer painting is a form of painting with lacquer which was practised in China and Japan for decoration on lacquerware, and found its way to Europe both via Persia and by direct contact with Asia. The genre was revived and developed as a distinct genre of fine art painting by Vietnamese artists in the 1930s; the genre is known in Vietnamese as "sơn mài."

green dragon paintings

National styles

China

Lacquer had been used since the Shang dynasty (1384-1111 BCE) for decoration and preservation of wooden objects. By the Han dynasty decoration had become more intricate.^[4] Lacquer painting is sometimes used for decoration of wooden objects such as the traditional "Chinese candy box" or Chinese lacquerware tables.

Japan

In Japan lacquer painting is secondary to techniques such as silver inlay, Maki-e on Japanese lacquerware, and carving on Kamakura-bori, and Ryukyuan lacquerware. Painting did not feature on the "Japanning" works of industrial Britain.

Vietnam

Lacquer painting, known as sơn mài, from resin of the sơn tree, rhus succedanea, was developed in Vietnam as a freestanding form, separate from decoration of wooden objects. A revival and a combination with French techniques occurred in the 1930s which was closely associated with the French teachers and Vietnamese students of the [Hanoi University of Fine Arts ] in Hanoi from 1925 to 1945 such as Joseph Inguimberty and Nguyễn Gia Trí.^[5][6]Among the prominent newer generation of Vietnamese lacquer painters is Cong Quoc Ha, who received numerous awards and his works are regularly exhibited worldwide.

Russia

Russia's tradition of lacquer painting (Russian: лаковая живопись, lakovaya zhivopis) before the revolution was connected with folk art and production of icons. The Fedoskino miniature (Russian: федоскинская миниатюра) of Fedoskino village is a genre of lacquer miniature painting on papier-mâché, originating from the late 18th century. From the 1930s this genre also began to be used in proletarian art.^[7] Russian lacquer painting is built up through several layers of varnish, creating a three-dimensional effect.